After the book is sewed, the next operation is to affix the end papers. The" end papers" are those blank leaves which are found at the beginning and end of every bound book, and are popularly termed "fly leaves."

The number and style of these differ, to some degree, in various establishments, but we will describe the more usual.

In making the end papers, various kinds of paper are employed, viz.: Marbled paper is used both for half-bound, extra, and whole bound books, principally the latter. The making of marbled paper originated in the Low Countries, but was subsequently introduced into this country, and our marbled papers are now equal to any. Marbled paper ranges in price from 2s. 6d. per quire upwards, and is generally royal or super royal in size. Marbled paper of every description can' be obtained of Messrs. Eadie, Great Queen street, Lincoln's Inn fields, and Mr. Corfield, St. Bride's street, E.C.

Cobb paper, so called from the binder who invented it is used for ordinary half-calf work. It is a self pulp colored paper, a reddish brown and an olive being the favorite hues.

Surface paper is that which has one side colored by pigment spread on with a brush. A pale yellow or buff is the usual tinge, but darker colors (as olive) are used for Bibles, and of late a chocolate has been popular for general work.

Fancy printed papers of various kinds are much used as end papers by the French binders, and sometimes in this country. They generally consist of small patterns printed in gold and colors, some being very elaborate. When used for new cloth work, there is often a tablet in the centre, in which the publisher's advertisements are inserted.

Paste paper is often used in Germany, and can be made by the binder for himself. Any pigment that may be selected is mixed with paste and a small piece of soap until it is about the thickness of cream, or a little thicker; it is then ground on the slab by the muller. One side of each of a couple of sheets of white paper is then covered with the color by the aid of a brush. The two colored surfaces are next placed together, and when pulled apart there will be certain marks, bearing some resemblance to a pattern. These sheets should then be hung up over strings to dry. When dry, they may be polished by passing a hot flat iron over them; but a better polish will be got by rubbing them with a hot polisher such as bookbinders use.

End papers are cut from sheets of paper of the same size as that on which the book is printed (sometimes a size larger), and are of ordinary white printing paper, of pale yellow surface colored paper, of the self colored brown paper, technically called “Cobb," and of marbled paper.

Say it is desired to prepare “Cobb" end papers for eight demy octavo volumes: take four sheets of 20lb. white printing demy paper, cut them carefully down the back fold, fold them again carefully with the folding stick, so as to bring them to quarto size, and cut them along the fold. You will now have sixteen pieces of paper of quarto size. Next take four sheets of "Cobb," and cut them in a similar manner, and you will have sixteen quarto pieces of brown colored paper. These are next to be pasted together in pairs. Lay the white (or brown) papers in a heap, one on 'the other, and paste the top one carefully over with a large brush and thin paste. If any lumps of paste or hair from the brush are seen on the pasted surface, remove them with the finger nail.

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