Fig. 148 exemplifies a simple pattern of this description; it consists of an interlaced square and diamond. Patterns of this kind are easy for anyone to design in great variety. It is only necessary to bear in mind that any under of either ribbon must be followed by an over. Fig. 149 shows a more complex corner strapwork ornament of the time of Henri II.

The pattern is usually cut out of morocco of two or more colors, differing from that of the book cover. For instance, if the book be bound in purple morocco, the square (Fig. 148) may be scarlet, and the diamond bright green. They may be cut out with a sharp-pointed knife. Of course, the leather is only used single; that is to say, when one color appears to go under the other, that portion is omitted. The leather should be pared thin before the ornament is cut out, as otherwise it may be found very difficult to pare it. It should also be cut from morocco which either has no grain or from which the g-rain has been rubbed out. The various portions of the ornament are carefully pasted over with thick paste, laid accurately in the position which they are to occupy on the book side, and rubbed down scrupulously with the folder; care also being taken not to stretch the leather. When the

paste has got a little set, clear away any that has squeezed out, place a piece of clean waste paper on each side, screw the book in the press and leave it there until dry.

The inlaid ornament is finished by working pallets and line tools in gold around all its outlines. These had better be in fine lines. If the binder have a tolerable assortment of single-line pallet gouges, he should have no trouble in matching any pattern; but, if he have any doubt, then, in designing his pattern, he must take into consideration what tools he has, and modify it accordingly.

Fig. 150 shows a side of an ancient book in the Grolier style, from the Morante collection. This pattern is a very good one. Fig. 151 shows a less complicated pattern of the same period.

Etruscan -In this style, instead of being covered with gold, the back is ornamented with Gothic and Arabesque compartments,

or imitations of Greek borders and Etruscan vases, in their proper colors, which, when well executed, have a good effect. The Marquis of Bath possesses a copy of Caxton's "Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye," bound in this colored manner by Whittaker, of London, who some years ago brought it to great perfection. The back represents a tower in imitation of stone, on the battlements of which is a flag bearing the title, and on a projection of the tower' the name of the printers is impressed. On the sides are Trojan and Grecian amour in reliefs, round which is a raised impression of the reeded axe. The insides, which are also of russia, are ornamented with drawings, in Indian ink, of Andromache imploring Hector not to go out to fight, and the death of Hector.

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